Holding Pattern Entries: Understanding the FAA Recommendations
Introduction
Over the years, there have been numerous discussions about the recommended FAA holding pattern entry procedures. These procedures are designed to minimize the number of turns as you approach the pattern from various directions. While both I and the FAA recommend these procedures, it is important to note that they are not specifically required.
The Myth of the Protected and Nonprotected Side
Before we delve into the details of holding pattern entries, let's dispel a common myth. There is often a misconception that holding patterns have a protected side and a nonprotected side. However, this is not entirely accurate. Holding patterns have a holding side and a non-holding side.
The holding side refers to the area where you have 8 miles of protected airspace, while the non-holding side has 4 miles of protected airspace. It's important to understand this distinction to avoid any confusion when discussing holding patterns.
A Real-Life Scenario
To illustrate the importance of understanding holding pattern entries, let me share a recent experience. Recently, I was conducting an instrument phase check, where my role was to pretend to be an instrument examiner and evaluate the applicant.
We were flying the Livermore ILS 25 right approach in simulated IFR conditions. Due to traffic reasons, we were unable to climb straight ahead to 1200 on the Missed Approach. Instead, we had to start the right turn early, which put us pointed towards Alam intersection, where we were expected to hold.
If you are familiar with FAA recommended holding pattern entries, this situation clearly appeared to be a parallel entry. However, the GPS we were using drew a teardrop entry. This situation highlights the prevalence of GPS moving maps in modern aviation, even in standard panel airplanes.
The Role of GPS in Holding Pattern Entries
It is worth noting that most GPS systems, including Garmin, recommend a specific holding pattern entry procedure. In the case of Alam intersection, the GPS suggested a teardrop entry.
So, is it a problem to follow the GPS-recommended entry? Not necessarily. If the GPS approach allows for a turn of up to 90 degrees, a turn into the teardrop entry at Alam, which is more like 70 or 80 degrees, would still keep you on the holding side with ample protected airspace.
However, what bothered me was the applicant's response. When asked about the type of entry we would make at Alam, he simply looked at the moving map and said, "teardrop." While this answer may seem sufficient, it did not demonstrate a complete understanding of the situation.
It is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the FAA recommended holding pattern entries and consciously choose the appropriate entry for each situation. Merely relying on the GPS recommendation without understanding the available options can be a red flag during evaluations or check rides.
The Importance of Demonstrating Knowledge
During a check ride or phase check, it is your responsibility to convince the examiner or evaluator that you have a solid grasp of the situation. Leaving them guessing or assuming can raise doubts about your readiness as a pilot.
Instead, take the opportunity to showcase your understanding by explaining your decision-making process. For example, in the case of Alam intersection, you could have mentioned that while the recommended entry is a teardrop, it appears to be a parallel entry given the approach direction. However, considering the available protected airspace, you have chosen to follow the GPS recommendation. This kind of response demonstrates a deeper understanding and knowledge of the situation.
Choosing Your Entry
It is essential to note that there is nothing wrong with flying a parallel entry and staying within the non-holding side if you remain within four nautical miles, which is still protected airspace. Ultimately, the choice of entry depends on your understanding of the situation, the available options, and the specific circumstances.
In my own recent IFR flight, I approached Jobus during an approach into Hayward airport. While Garmin drew a teardrop on the moving map, I chose to fly a parallel entry due to my personal preference and familiarity with traditional procedures.
Don't Blindly Follow the GPS
One key takeaway from these experiences is to avoid blindly following the GPS recommendation. While GPS systems provide valuable guidance, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the FAA recommended holding pattern entries.
By being aware of the recommended procedures and consciously choosing to follow them or deviate from them, you can make informed decisions that prioritize safety and efficiency. Remember, it's not about what the GPS drew for you, but about your understanding of the options available.
Conclusion
Understanding holding pattern entries is crucial for any pilot flying under instrument conditions or preparing for an instrument check ride. While the FAA recommends specific entry procedures, they are not mandatory. However, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the available options and consciously making informed decisions can enhance your credibility as a pilot.
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